the day (or three weeks) after the party: post-event reflections, and my future odyssey into the world of ufological academia

Well, as I sit in my darkened living room, following the Great California Deluge (at least so far for the Year 2023; the gods only know what's in store for us in the weeks, months and years hence), listening to the style galant of J.S. Bach’s son J.C., I reflect that it’s been just about exactly three (very long) weeks since the conclusion of the three-day Symposium I organized (with some great help from some great folks), an event which I hosted virtually from my alma mater out in Amish Country rural Pennsylvania. (Post-event access is still available through 16 March, if you’re interested to catch the recordings of our 15 or so presentations—just follow the previous link.)

I will leave it to others to review the sessions or the Symposium as a whole, as my role here is as plain reporter not critical evaluator. My esteemed interlocutor, Bryan Sentes (an invitee and participant of the event, who organized a fantastic cross-disciplinary panel at the conclusion of the very intellectually rich first day) has tantalizingly promised a review, and helpfully provided reference to perhaps the first reflection on the event. We do indeed breathlessly await this…

For my part, a few scattered reflections and recollections of the event; a log of my travels leading up to and following it; my painful but brief interregnum; and a profile of my upcoming foray into the world of ufological academia is perhaps in order, as I have remained conspicuously silent in the immediate days and weeks following Limina’s Inaugural Symposium 2023.

A few presentations into Day One, Prof. Kripal, known to many of you already as one eloquent voice within academia concerned with the serious study of anomalous phenomena (‘anomalalia’?) broadly construed, and one chronicler of this zone of the uncanny, had reminded us that a strictly scientific engagement with unidentified aerial phenomena—“the phenomenon” as some of us occasionally style it—is incomplete without a humanist accompaniment. And that the humanities don’t merely provide the tasty but strictly superfluous “sprinkles on the cake”. Indeed, Kripal precisely voiced the reason I began this Symposium with esteemed ufological historian of science Greg Eghigian, whose masterful historical overview of the emergence of the UFO phenomenon as, variously, a topic of military, popular and (albeit falteringly) of scientific concern, provided a rich context of meaning within which to understand the strictly empirical engagement with the issue. Prof. Eghigian’s talk, then, was exactly where I thought we should begin.

And yet, at another level, we couldn’t avoid the Fortean dimensions of the whole affair asserting themselves, despite our efforts to strike a tone of sober-minded academic study. UFOs continue to be logged as a topic in Forteana, and as if on cue, the day we began the Symposium was precisely the day the whole UAP/balloons saga began—that is, with the downing of what was quickly confirmed to be a Chinese surveillance balloon. The drama of first a UAP being reported, then identified as a conventional craft, was a kind of uncanny wink of the Universe’s eye to those of us gathered that weekend. The Fortean dimension in this case was not so much apparent in what we took to be the object of our focus during the Symposium (UAP), but rather in the very synchronicity between the Symposium’s focus on UAP (and the epistemological, ontological and methodological issues faced in studying such phenomena) and the events unfolding in the news throughout that weekend, which were to bring the question of UAP to the minds of almost everyone in the world. I could not have authored a better metaphysical tale myself…

The Balloon Event of 2023, that fortuitously coincided with this Symposium, was one of those events (in a more profoundly philosophical sense) that provides an occasion for a rupture: UFO “believers” and “skeptics” suddenly are (quite unwittingly) forced to reveal themselves for what they are—well, in any case, they are revealed as flawed and unconsciously dogmatic human (all-too-human) thinkers, armed with (a priori) conclusions in search of arguments. It can be a pitiful display, sadly. But we must accept it nonetheless as part of the course of the overall dialectic of understanding.

For my part, I accepted that the first “UAP” was indeed a Chinese balloon, as was quickly announced upon its downing just off the Carolina coast. Clear photos of the object soon emerged, and we were later treated to the pictures and the story of debris recovery efforts. In my acceptance, was I being gullible? I trusted the media, the government announcements—the official, mainstream media, that is. But I also trusted the descriptions of the object (for that was a better description: we were able to skip ‘phenomena’ and move to ‘object’ fairly unproblematically), descriptions which were not particularly anomalous at all. Indeed, it was those initial descriptions which licensed us in not even having to invoke the now rather loaded term ‘UAP’ at all. When the object was observed, it was initially observed to be a balloon—just of unknown origin. But if it’s a balloon, it’s uncontroversial that it’s a human-fashioned object: someone, somewhere was responsible for it. And that subsequently turned out to be the Chinese. Case closed—at least on the origins question; as to what exactly it was doing there … well, that’s a matter of careful investigation, apart from the obvious interpretive assumption that it’s surveillance tech operated by a putative adversary (perhaps we make this assumption because it’s built and operated by a political and economic adversary).

Now for those other alleged UAPs … and here I will admit to having become extremely cranky at several of my interlocutors at some noted UAP think-tanks, with whom I’m in touch on a number of internal Slack accounts. What really irked me was the insistence, by some of the most vociferous Slack participants at these think-tanks (there always seems to be one or two of us who do all the talking), that we don’t know that it’s not a “real” UAP until we get a better handle on the data. And about that data: it’s not being fully disclosed, so here we go again, with the government first admitting they don’t know what it is, then trying to convince us there’s nothing to see here (so please move on) … echoes of Roswell, it would seem. And indeed: or so it would seem—emphasis on the seeming. That’s just what was irksome: a lot of seeming, and innuendo, and the insistence—justifiable as for as it goes—on patient agnosticism in the face of a paucity of data, yet it is really a disingenuous rational-seeming “agnosticism” topped with a healthy dollop of conspiratorial worry-warting over government dissemblance. I mean, maybe we’re dealing with a real UAP—a truly anomalous craft aloft, navigating by some unknown propulsion system! Maybe! Right?!

Well, wrong. Here the priors are fairly and unproblematically straightforward: the final three objects in question are most likely rather conventional objects, balloons or other dirigibles. Why do I say that? Well, simply because the descriptions of what was observed didn’t indicate anything particularly anomalous, despite the inconsistencies in the official accounts. At one point, a Pentagon official, a general, says in one breath that they’re not saying it’s a balloon “for a reason” and then head-spinningly proceeds to concede that it might be a balloon after all! (Here is the full transcript.) And if you allow yourself an updated prior deriving from the history of UAP/UFO encounters (that is, if you put any credence in the many fairly good reports of encounters with UFOs), you’d know that the mere fact that military aircraft were able to intercept and down these objects (or otherwise interact successfully with them) is itself evidence against these craft being anomalous UAP in the classic ufological sense. How did longtime UFO-concerned journalist Billy Cox recently put it? “Legit UFOs don’t get shot down—and that’s the problem.”

Surely, we ought to wait for all of the data to come in about these three other objects (which, quite without recent precedent, were actually downed or at least shot at by military fighter jets), before we make a final pronouncement on these cases. But, equally surely, we are justified in placing a bet, bringing to bear the venerated logic of induction. After all, that’s the whole point of inductive reasoning—and especially an induction which would invoke Bayesian premises: inductive logic is useful exactly when we are dealing with a limited or even somewhat poor current dataset, and we want to come up with a reasonable guess (an informed one) as to what the hell might be going on. The past (both distant and immediate) helps us in gauging present and future occurrences or outcomes, especially if there’s any doubt as to what on earth (or out of it) is going on in the data we’re getting. In this case, we’re getting reports of aerial objects floating around U.S. (and Canadian) airspace, sometimes confirmed by ground radar. But the immediate past context was important for reasoning about these new “UAP” occurrences: a Chinese surveillance balloon was recently shot down; the miliary decided to recalibrate radar arrays to stop cutting out all the air clutter … and voila … more slow-moving airborne objects were detected, seen as obvious safety-of-flight issues, intercepted, and quickly downed.

At first, some of the reports did seem UFO-y. “Metallic structures”. Couldn’t immediately discern the propulsion mechanisms. Pieces of the downed craft strewn about. And so on through the suggestive gamut of Roswell-like utterances. (Here’s a convenient timeline and play-by-play of events as they unfolded.)  But not really, of course. We are justified, as we have suggested, in guessing that we’re not dealing with anything really extraordinary, apart from the fact of the unprecedented military interceptions (with live fire) within U.S. airspace. What’s unusual or unfortunate is the whole kerfuffle over these things, and the lack of clarity issuing from the putative authorities. Because of the usual secrecy in matters Pentagon, we may never “know” what the hell did go down (as it were), so I’m happy to move on…

Where were we before this tanget? Ah yes, we were making a few scattered remarks about the Symposium I organized three weeks ago. Let’s get back to that…

Perhaps the highlight of the whole affair was the Mick West (against)/Robert Powell (for) pair of talks that took a deeper look at the Aguadilla UAP Incident of 2013, for which we possess some of the clearest and longest video evidence (albeit video of an infrared-band visual). What was remarkable, I think, was simply the level of respect and decorum maintained by all involved. What was especially remarkable was that several UAP researchers took West’s analysis very seriously, didn’t dismiss it, and thought that it was both pertinent and quite well worth a careful reply. Mr. West is astute in his work on the analysis he set himself to accomplish; the point of disagreement, and the weakness of West’s argument, is that it focused only (and exclusively) on the line-of-sight issue, not attempting to look at the whole context of evidence (such as it is). In order to persuasively debunk this case (or any alleged anomalous UAP case for that matter), one must have a convincing overall account of all relevant evidence (which in this case includes not just the video, but also the visual sightings, and the rather puzzling radar data we have access to). One must show not only that there is a fatal discrepancy between the SCU’s calculations of the motion of the allegedly anomalous object and a more reasonable (but evidentially well-justified) interpretation of the UAP’s motion based on a more accurate (or more plausible) line-of-sight calculation; one must also show that this alternative interpretation (which attempts to shore up the Chinese lantern theory as to what the object itself is) can be consistently sustained for the entire context of evidence. For this case, one must explain what it was that was visually observed by the eyewitnesses, where they observed it to have been; why the traffic tower controllers were alarmed and took action; and finally, why the radar showed that there was an object pulling 1.2 to 2.3 times the speed of sound in the vicinity (assuming that this was the same object in question—something that ought to be addressed but which wasn’t … maybe the return wasn’t of the UAP?). I specifically queried Mr. Powell (who carefully presented the detailed SCU report on the case) on this last point about the anomalous radar data, and the response I got was very intriguing.

In my question to Mr. Powell, I pointed out that in his recent book, our keynote speaker for the final Sunday talks, Dr. Daniel Coumbe (formerly of the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen), had performed some calculations for what was this anomalous radar return that occurred during the incident—again, presumably radar returns of the object in question (and again, this is something one would want to carefully evaluate: was this the same allegedly anomalous object that we see on the infrared video? … we make the assumption that is was). Those calculations showed above-Mach speeds—as high as twice the speed of sound. That’s already strange, near to the airport. When I asked Powell about it, he said that this very issue was raised with an independent evaluator of the case report that SCU generated, and what this (French) team determined was that in fact this signal was due to radar jamming interference! If that’s right, then we had an anomalous object interfering with the radar trying to track it, causing the array to generate false kinematical readings. In any alternative account of the Aguadilla Incident, we are owed a consistent and plausible account of this further bit of apparently anomalous evidence.

But West chose instead to focus exclusively on the video, providing a convincing account of what the velocity of the object would be, based on his (rather plausible) alternative line-of-sight analysis. Seen in the context of the evidence as a whole, however—as some legal minds present in the audience pointed out to me (in private communications)—the alternative interpretation he wanted to offer as to what the object really was (that we’re dealing with nothing more extraordinary than Chinese lanterns set aloft for festive purposes, presumably from a nearby hotel—not an uncommon practice, at least in 2013) could not really be convincing, simply because this alternative account was not (or could not be) applied to the rest of the evidence.

The problem could be mitigated somewhat by making it clear that this account doesn’t try to encompass all of the evidence—it rather just purports to offer a more perspicacious look at line-of-sight issues as they feature in the attempt to deduce the object’s velocity.  But then the question becomes: so how does this more careful look at the line-of-sight issue impact the overall assessment of the SCU report, namely: that what we are dealing with is a truly anomalous unidentified aerial object of unknown nature, origin and purpose? Even if we grant the cogency of West’s analysis (and it was cogent, within the limits he set for himself), and accept that the object was moving much more slowly than the SCU report would have us believe, this would not in itself be enough reason to believe that this object was a mere Chinese lantern blowing around with the prevailing winds. What about the observations of the object at the airport? And the radar anomalies?

To be clear, SCU does not have an account of the object. It is claimed to be a genuine “UAP”: an unidentified anomalous aerial object of some kind. Thus, SCU’s conclusion is entirely negative: the object cannot be accounted for conventionally. They give extensive reasons (not, it should be noted, dependent on the line-of-sight considerations used by West to dispute the particular speeds the object had) as to why it can’t be a conventional object, that is: an object of known physical nature—whether natural or manufactured. It might be a natural phenomenon heretofore unknown to science—but then how does it fly and move, and (apparently) divide into two? Even creatures of nature need flight or control surfaces—on their bodies—to control their movements. The object appeared to be in controlled flight, in many instances moving against the prevailing winds (one strong reason the SCU concludes it can’t be a lantern, which would be uncontrollably subject to those winds). It also appears to enter the water and then reemerge (something West, in his alternative interpretation, disputes), having divided into two. And at this particular moment the SCU had observed that there were further anomalies in the thermal data coming from this sensor: the object appears to increase, briefly, in volume, and two independent heat sources seem to emerge (although this fact of two heat sources would be consistent with the twin-lanterns theory West argues for, the volumetric increase observed in the thermal signature would appear to be puzzling under the West lantern interpretation). So the anomaly isn’t confined to kinematics, or to “transmedium travel” (as it has been put: moving through air, water and other media without altering course or speed); we have an anomaly in the very nature of the object as such, and the associated thermal signature registered by the infrared camera. And if it has divided, that would suggest a biological nature—except for its effortless travel through the air and the water without visible flight surfaces or a means of propulsion. The Aguadilla case is truly a remarkable, and perplexing, UAP event…

I won’t dwell any further on the other talks during this Symposium, except to say that I was really pleased. I wanted more skeptical voices to be present—and I was really thankful to Mr. West for accepting our invitation. But I was happy that we got so many excellent presentations by really genuine thinkers and intellectuals who really care to take the subject seriously, as everyone did.

Closing our event was a really fascinating panel of UAP-focused journalists (next time we will endeavor to get Billy Cox to attend), that I allowed to go into overtime. Rare is it to have the likes of Leslie Kean, Ralph Blumenthal, Ross Coulthart, George Knapp and the German UFO-interested independent journalist Andreas Müller all gathered together in one event, talking together about their field—how far it has come, and what still remains to be investigated more carefully.

So, at the moment, I am hard at work on a number of projects, initiatives and future events for both the Society for UAP Studies and Limina. I am also setting up a fairly intense travel schedule (which I’ll get to)…

The Society will be offering an intensive lecture seminar series, delivered by the esteemed UAP researcher Dr. Massimo Teodorani. Tickets are about to go on sale, but the event will be each Monday throughout the whole month of June. Dr. Teodorani will also deliver a capstone public lecture on 1 July as part of the Society’s J. Allen Hynek Lectures. (As readers of my blog, you have the chance to register and acquire tickets for both of these events at a discount. Just use the codes “entausSem” for the seminar and “entausLec” for the Hynek lecture in July when checking out and you’ll get the discount. Any questions, just email me directly using the Society’s website.)

About my travel schedule: well, I’ve been invited to (or will attend) a few events that may interest the UFO community…

The first is an academic workshop (invite only) in mid-March on the politics of UAP. I can’t give you many details right now, but I hope to be able to blog on it (and the experience should be quite a bit different than our PhenomeCon 2022 extravaganza—which, by the way, is set for another go this coming September … apparently my review was not enough to put the snuff on the candle. I may not be able to go.). Here I’ll be speaking about UAP and Climate Change.

The second, also in March (yikes!), is a colloquium on SETI/UAP issues organized by the German jurist and professor of law at Durham University in the U.K., Michael Bohlander. I might take some time, following this event, to hop on over to Paris and meet with some UAP researchers. That should be a great experience, as the French are arguably the most advanced in terms of their organized (and variously government-funded) UAP research (let’s not forget the seminal COMETA report, which Leslie Kean first reported on in the U.S., back in 2000—she got a copy of it soon after its release). I aim to bring key French UAP/UFO works to the English-speaking world as part of the Society’s publishing efforts, and I hope to have this conversation whilst in Paris (indeed, I want to do so for every language: there are so many excellent works not available in English that should be).

In April, I’m back home for at least a month, when I’ll speak at an upcoming Orange County MUFON event. My talk will be a version of one of my earlier blog posts (that was subsequently issued in the SCU’s newsletter), “Transcendental Skepticism”. My talk should prove to have more dormative virtues than stimulants. But we’ll see.

In May, I go out to Houston for Prof. Kripal’s Archives of the Impossible, v. 2. I hope to meet all manner of UFO (and sundry paranormal) researchers—the latter of whom I’m uncertain about, or least, uncertain how I’ll respond to. Hopefully not too crankily…

Mid-May, I’m off to Portugal, then to Italy and then finally to Germany, where I hope to meet with Prof. Dr. Hakan Kayal (who gave a really great talk at the Limina Symposium) at Würzburg University. We may end up having a little informal colloquium, and I might be hosting Dr. Teodorani’s opening seminar (Monday 5 June) from there. (But that’s all in the discussion phase, so stay tuned!)

… which is all to say that I must apolozie again for the inconsistency of my blog posts. Hopefully I’ll sneak in some time here-and-there for a post or two each month from March until July—even if only to provide my reflections on these events, and the travel required to get to them.

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